Delivery methods are standardized in foreign trade and the same terms are used in all countries. is used. How far is the seller's responsibility (transport, loading and unloading, customs clearance, insurance, damage etc.) and where is the buyer's responsibility indicates the start. The method of delivery, when a contract regarding foreign trade is made, should be clearly stated in the contract. At this point, it should not be forgotten that the more the seller, the more If responsibility is assumed, it reflects this in the price. Expressions of delivery in English abbreviations is being done. Delivery forms used as standard internationally and their delivery to the parties Its responsibilities are described below.

EXW (Exworks): Delivery at the workplace: The seller (exporter) and the buyer delivers the goods to the buyer (importer) at the workplace (factory, warehouse, etc.) agreed with. The place of delivery is in the exporter's country and the delivery is done without customs clearance related to export. takes place. In this form of delivery, the seller's responsibility is understood to include the goods in the amount in the contract. is to deliver it to the buyer by making it ready at the specified place and time. After delivery all responsibilities pass to the buyer. Therefore, the buyer is responsible for export-related customs clearance and responsible for the transportation and insurance of the goods from the place of delivery to the destination All related costs are the responsibility of the buyer. This form of delivery is given to the seller at least and to the buyer at most. It is a form of delivery that imposes responsibility.

FCA (Free Carrier): Delivery to Carrier: Seller export customs cleared delivers the goods at the place indicated by the buyer and to the carrier named by the buyer. Delivery place is in the exporter's country. However, in this form of delivery, the seller does not clear the export customs clearance. It is responsible for making the transactions and delivering the goods to the carrier in good condition. From this All subsequent responsibilities belong to the buyer. Carriage charge and insurance up to the destination of the goods buyer pays the fee. If the goods are delivered to the vehicle at a place belonging to the seller (workplace, factory, warehouse, etc.) the seller is responsible for loading the goods, otherwise the seller is responsible for the loading. is not.

FAS (Free Alongside Ship): Ship-side delivery: Seller goods export customs clearance at the port determined by the buyer, as the transactions have been completed, ready next to you. The seller's responsibilities end when the goods are ready next to the ship. This From this point on, all responsibilities belong to the buyer. The buyer is responsible for loading the goods onto the ship. unloading at the port, import customs clearance, transport from there to the destination and is responsible for all insurance transactions after receiving the goods. This term is just sea used in transportation.

FOB (Free on Board): On-board delivery: The difference from FAS is that the delivery is next to the ship. not, but when the goods pass over the ship's rail. This also shows that The loading operations at the port of departure (until the goods pass the ship's rail) are also given to the seller. belongs. After that, the buyer's obligations begin and these are in the form of FAS delivery. like this. This term is also used only in maritime transport.

CFR (Cost and Freight): Delivery with freight (carriage) prepaid: This delivery The seller pays the freight (transportation cost) in the form of. Therefore, here is the destination specified by the buyer. The seller makes the contract of carriage to bring the goods to the port and the seller pays the transportation cost. pays. However, the seller's responsibility for loss and damage to the goods is FOB delivery. as usual, until the goods pass the ship's rail. From this point on, with loss and damage All related responsibilities pass to the buyer. For this reason, the goods from the ship's rail are damaged and It is the buyer's responsibility to insure against damage and pay the insurance cost. goods at the port of destination unloading, import customs clearance and transport to and from the destination The buyer is still responsible for all related insurance transactions. This form of delivery is only by sea. used in transportation.

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight): Freight and insurance costs prepaid Delivery: The difference of this delivery method from CFR is the marine insurance until the goods arrive at the destination port. It is the responsibility of the seller to have it done and to pay the price. From the port of destination Buyer's responsibilities are the same as in CFR delivery. However, this point It is useful to specify. Although marine insurance is taken out by the seller, The delivery of goods takes place when the goods pass the ship's rail. Seller on behalf of buyer takes out the insurance. That is, it's about getting compensation from insurance if the risk materializes. The buyer has to carry out the transactions. Because as soon as the goods pass the ship's rail, the legal owner becomes the buyer. This form of delivery is also used only in sea transportation.

CPT (Carriage Paid To): Freight prepaid to specified destination Delivery: Here the seller delivers the goods to a carrier of his choice and It also covers the transportation costs to the destination. Import customs clearance belongs to the buyer. The seller's liability for loss and damage ends when the goods are delivered to the carrier. From this point liability for loss and damage, taking out transport insurance and Payment belongs to the buyer. This form of delivery applies to other modes of transport, except by sea, of the CFR is the form used. Also in mixed transport (for example, by sea to a certain place, then by sea) by rail and road) the term CPT is used.

CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): Freight and insurance costs prepaid Delivery: CIF type of delivery is used in non-sea transports and mixed transports. type. The difference from CPT is that the seller has the transportation insurance and the insurance cost is also included the seller's payment.

DAF (Delivered at Frontier): Delivery at the specified limit: mostly rail and used in road transport. The seller chooses the means of transport, clears the export customs It loads the goods, pays the freight to the specified destination and is not unloaded from the transport vehicle before the customs border of the contiguous country. From this point From the date of transportation and all other responsibilities and costs belong to the buyer.

DES (Delivered Ex Ship): Delivery on board at the specified port of destination: Here the goods It is delivered to the buyer on the side of the ship at the specified port of destination. FOB, CFR and CIF in the forms of delivery, whether the insurance fee is paid or the payment of the payment (delivery of the goods transfer of ownership) to the buyer when the goods pass the rail at the first port of shipment. was passing. If DES is in the form of delivery, the transfer of the goods to the buyer is at the port of destination and the ship is on its side. Therefore, all responsibilities and costs up to the destination port here belongs to the seller. However, since the delivery takes place on the ship, the next steps, including the unloading operations. All transactions, responsibilities and costs belong to the buyer. This term is used only in maritime transport. used.

DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay): Delivery at the quay at the designated port of destination: DES delivery The difference is that the unloading operations at the port of destination are also carried out by the seller. Here, the delivery takes place at the quay after the goods are unloaded from the ship. This term is just used in maritime transport.

DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid): Without payment of customs duty at the specified destination Delivery: The specified destination of the goods for import without customs clearance It means to be delivered to the buyer without being unloaded from the transport vehicle at the point of transportation delivery all responsibilities and costs belong to the seller until it occurs. After delivery then all responsibility and costs pass to the buyer. It can be used for all modes of transport.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): Customs duty paid at specified destination Delivery: The difference between this delivery method and the DDU delivery method is the import customs clearance of the goods completed and delivered to the buyer. This form of delivery is given to the buyer at least and to the seller at most. It is a form of delivery that imposes responsibility.